Abstract In many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the epidemiological transition is characterized by an increased burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and the persistent challenge of infectious diseases. The transmission of tuberculosis, one of the leading infectious diseases, can be halted through active screening of risk groups and early case findings. Studies have reported comorbidities … Read more

Abstract Background There has been insufficient attention to a fundamental force shaping healthcare policies—conflicts of interest (COI). We investigated COI, which results in the professional judgement of a policymaker or healthcare provider being compromised by a secondary interest, in relation to antimicrobial use, thereby illuminating challenges to the regulation of medicines use more broadly. Our objectives … Read more

Abstract Background: Melanesians are indigenous Papuans racially and culturally different from most Indonesians. The Melanesia region is characterised by high poverty and inequalities, even though it has the highest revenue. Furthermore, Papua has the highest HIV prevalence rate, 24-fold higher than that of other regions. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the resistance of indigenous people … Read more

Abstract In many countries, community pharmacies have played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing essential medicines and personal protective equipment (PPE), disseminating information on disease prevention and management, and referring cli-ents to health facilities. In recognition of this, there are increasing calls for an improved understanding of the challenges and experiences faced by … Read more

Based on PARADIGM-HF Clinical Trials, LCZ696, a dual-acting sodiumsupramolecular complex currently known as sacubitril/valsartan, wassuperior to enalapril in reducing the risks of death and hospitalization forheart failure (HF) in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction(HFrEF). This analysis aimed to estimate the budget impact ofsacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of HFrEF in Indonesia setting. A … Read more